用英文撰写SCI论文需注意这些表述问题,EditSprings,艾德思

 写一篇清楚/客观/准确/简洁的论文,并且将其打造成一篇逻辑性强/可读性强的论文并不是一件容易的事情.尤其对于英文不是母语的人来说,语言可能更是一个绊脚石/拦路虎:如果审稿人因为您的语言而无法理解您论文中的学术内容,论文被接受的可能性就会大大降低,因为您不能让您的读者去猜您想表达的是什么意思.以下是一些写作sci论文中常见的英文表述问题:

一/句子过长.一般来说,短小/直接的句子通常是更好的.过长的句子并不能让论文更加专业/学术,反而会令读者困惑.据说,我们每看一句话会呼吸一次,太长的句子会令读者喘不过气来.当下,学术写作中平均的句子长度是大约12至17个单词.因此,我们需要始终保持简洁,避免在一句话中说太多的事情.

那么,怎样能够避免使用长句子呢?

1.使用主动语态.例如,可将"It has been found that there had been many …" 改成 "Researchers found that many …".

2.避免使用过多的不必要的连接词, 例如"because …, so …", "Although …, but …", "considering …, it is …".

例如,避免这样的语句:"The highest explained variability was found in high and low mesohaline and polyhaline areas (53-63%), because of the high concentration of organic matter, although it was …"

更好的说法是:"The highest explained variability was found in high and low mesohaline and polyhaline areas (53-63%). This is related to the high concentration of organic matter. Although it was…".

3.避免使用过多的从句,例如 "It has already been found that when salinity increases to the mouth of an estuary there would be higher benthic richness, which can result also in higher diversity, while in low salinity areas benthic richness tends to be low …"

4.避免将不尽相同的事情用"and"连接到一个句子中,例如 "This research investigates the grain size of sediments in coastal areas and discusses the grain size and the coastal sedimentation based on grain size …"

二/一些文字冗余.那么,怎样避免冗余的文字呢?

1.避免过度使用连接词或短语,例如"However," "In addition," "Moreover.".尽量别用太多这些词.

2.避免使用没有意义的短语.不要再写 'and references therein.',因为读者都知道去看参考文献来获取更多的信息,不需要您特别指出来;删掉 "In present paper."这样的词,因为大家知道您在说本文,而不是在说另外一篇论文.

3.避免同义重复的单词.例如"schematic diagram," "research work,"等等.因为schematic通常就是一个diagram,而research通常就是work.更好的方式是单独使用这些词"this scheme," "that diagram," "the research was …," "the work done was …"

三/其他的一些注意事项:

1.不及物动词不应该使用被动语态.您不应该说"are happened"或者"was went."

2.正确使用第三人称单数.不应该说"the concentrations shows that …" ,而应是"the concentrations show that …"

3.注意逻辑主语问题,避免句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系错误.例如,"To improve the results, the experiment was done again."这句话就是错误的,因为The experiment 不能 improve the result itself.正确的说法应该是" To improve the results, we did the experiment again."

4.注意不要使用口语中的略缩语,例如"it's," "weren't," "hasn't.".改成 it was, were not, has not.

5.不要用数字作为句子的开头.例如,可以将"5 mg of sediment were analysed …"改成"Sediment (5 mg) was analysed …"

6.一位数的数字应该拼写出来,两位数及以上的数字应该写作数字形式.例如,我们可以写"four samples"或者"25 samples".在一个有很多数字的句子中,如果至少有一个数是两位数或者以上,则所有数字都应该写成数字形式.例如,Of the 21 samples, 1 was muddy, 6 gravel, and 14 sandy.

总之,论文作者应该尽自己所能,去保证论文中学术内容的准确性.在完成初稿以后,考虑更改/重写一些部分,以提升语言的质量.当然,也可以在投稿前找一个有经验的作者/或者第一语言是英文的人检查论文/进行语言上的修改.现在,许多杂志/出版商都有英文的润色服务,也不妨是一种选择.

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