艾德思：Nature高粱基因组完成测序



Nature:高粱基因组完成测序 2009年1月29日 本期Nature发表了高粱(Sorghum bicolour)的基因组序列. 高粱基因组-美国科学家完成测序 美国能源部联合基因组研究所等公司的科学家日前完成了高粱的全基因组测序和分析,相关研究成果已刊登在２９日出版的<自然>杂志上. 科学家利用全基因组鸟枪测序法完成了对高粱基因组的测序.结果显示,高粱基因组大约有３万个基因,有７．３亿个核苷酸,比大米约多７５％.科学家以及工业界人士认为,高粱基因组测序的完成将促进该作物的改良,并有助于完成其他相关植物的测序工作. 美国能源部生物和环境研究中心副主任安娜·帕尔米萨诺说,这项研究是发展低成本/非粮食生物燃料的重要一步.美国孟德尔生物技术机构总裁尼尔·格特森则认为,这项成果将对生物燃料和可再生能源产业产生重要影响. 由于耐寒且生产生物燃料的效率高,高粱目前是美国仅次于玉米的第二大生物燃料作物.此外,随着利用植物纤维生产乙醇的技术日趋成熟,高粱生长迅速的特点更让其成为理想的生物燃料来源. 高粱是一种谷物,作为粮食/饲料/纤维和燃料作物广泛种植.它耐热/耐旱,是西非萨赫勒地区很多人口的一种主食作物.将该基因组与玉米和水稻的基因组所做的对比,为了解草本及C4植物光合作用(这种光合作用在高温时尤其能够高效吸收碳)的演化提供了线索.另外,可能对高粱的抗旱性能有贡献的蛋白编码基因及miRNAs也可能被找到.高粱产量的提高一直落后于其他作物,其基因组序列的获得有可能为该作物的改良产生非常重要的促进作用.(生物谷) 高粱是全球第五大禾谷类作物,在干旱/半干旱地区农业生产中占有极其重要的位置.高粱基因组相对较小(750Mbp),遗传多样性丰富,被认为是禾谷类作物比较基因组学研究的模式基因组之一.近年来,综合运用AFLP等分子标记/BAC文库/EST及cDNA作图和FISH技术,加速了高粱高分辨率基因组图谱的构建.高粱基因测序/基因功能鉴定和克隆,以及遗传转化,亦取得了长足的进展.高粱特有的多种适应逆境胁迫等优异基因资源的发掘及其在作物改良中的应用前景广阔. 高粱基因组-序列的获得 高粱基因组 高粱是一种谷物,作为粮食/饲料/纤维和燃料作物广泛种植.它耐热/耐旱,是西非萨赫勒地区很多人口的一种主食作物.将该基因组与玉米和水稻的基因组所做的对比,为了解草本及C4植物光合作用(这种光合作用在高温时尤其能够高效吸收碳)的演化提供了线索.另外,可能对高粱的抗旱性能有贡献的蛋白编码基因及miRNAs也可能被找到.高粱产量的提高一直落后于其他作物,其基因组序列的获得有可能为该作物的改良产生非常重要的促进作用. 生物谷推荐原始出处: Nature 457, 551-556 (29 January 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature07723; The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses Andrew H. Paterson1, John E. Bowers1, Rémy Bruggmann2, Inna Dubchak3, Jane Grimwood4, Heidrun Gundlach5, Georg Haberer5, Uffe Hellsten3, Therese Mitros6, Alexander Poliakov3, Jeremy Schmutz4, Manuel Spannagl5, Haibao Tang1, Xiyin Wang1,7, Thomas Wicker8, Arvind K. Bharti2, Jarrod Chapman3, F. Alex Feltus1,9, Udo Gowik10, Igor V. Grigoriev3, Eric Lyons11, Christopher A. Maher12, Mihaela Martis5, Apurva Narechania12, Robert P. Otillar3, Bryan W. Penning13, Asaf A. Salamov3, Yu Wang5, Lifang Zhang12, Nicholas C. Carpita14, Michael Freeling11, Alan R. Gingle1, C. Thomas Hash15, Beat Keller8, Patricia Klein16, Stephen Kresovich17, Maureen C. McCann13, Ray Ming18, Daniel G. Peterson1,19, Mehboob-ur-Rahman1,20, Doreen Ware12,21, Peter Westhoff10, Klaus F. X. Mayer5, Joachim Messing2 & Daniel S. Rokhsar3,4 1 Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA 2 Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA 3 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA 4 Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA 5 MIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Inglostaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany 6 Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 7 College of Sciences, Hebei Polytechnic University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China 8 Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland 9 Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, USA 10 Institut fur Entwicklungs und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Universitatsstrasse 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany 11 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 12 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA 13 Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 15 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India 16 Department of Horticulture and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA 17 Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA 18 Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 19 Mississippi Genome Exploration Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, USA 20 National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan 21 USDA NAA Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the 730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the 75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization 70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum–rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to

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