艾德思：SCI论文写作应力求避免的问题

 动词短语如分词短语/不定式短语/动名词短语以及省略主语的从句做修饰语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致(即相同/统一),避免出现悬垂修饰,指句中修饰语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,即修饰语与句子主语无相关性.但可以使用独立结构成分,它是位于句首用来修饰整个句子而不是句中某个部分的修饰成分,完全独立,其形式不受句中任何部分所制约.

 

1. 悬垂分词

●Using our method toestablish bi-level optimization model of robust design,thepreferencesof f and Δ f aregiven in Table 1.

●Referring toEq.(12)and Eq.(14),the overall power output from batteries P b can be shown as follows.

两句中的现在分词Using和Referring的主语指人(作者),与句子的主语preferences和output不是同指,形成悬垂分词修饰.句一可改为:Using ourmethod to establish bi-level optimization model of robust design,we give thepreferences of f and Δ f in Table 1. 句二可改为:Referring to Eq.(12)and Eq.(14),we can express theoverall power output from batteries P b as follows.

●Comparing to ant colonyoptimization(ACO),max-min ant system(MMAS) has three differences as follows.

此句中的现在分词Comparing为悬垂分词,若改为过去分词Compared,则分词的主语与句子的主语max-minant system就一致了,避免了悬垂分词修饰.

●When confronted with theselimitations,the experimentswere discontinued.

此句中的过去分词confronted的主语指人,与句子的主语experiments不是同指,形成悬垂分词修饰.可改为:When confrontedwith these limitations,wediscontinued the experiments.

 

"based on'是英语表达中常用的短语,使用不当会出现悬垂分词修饰.例如:

 

●Based on fastcorresponding,ageneralrequirement modeling method is proposed.

 

此句虽不存在悬垂修饰,但based on使用不当.此短语只限于修饰与其紧邻的先行词,故此句表示成了"based on…'修饰"…method',即"…method based on…',与本意"basedon…'修饰"…is proposed'相违背.可改为:On the basis offastcorresponding,ageneralrequirement modeling method is proposed. 或改为:Ageneralrequirement modeling method is proposed based on fastcorresponding.

 

●So based on constitutiveequations,theinvestigation of lead-free soldered joints properties underthermal loading become a major concern.

 

此句错将"basedon…'表示成修饰"the investigation…',与本意修饰"become'相违背).可改为:So,on the basis ofconstitutive equations,theinvestigation of lead-free soldered joints properties under thermal loading becomea major concern. 但不可改为:So the investigation of lead-freesoldered joints properties under thermal loading become a majorconcern basedon constitutive equations. 这样修改后,"based on…'就修饰concern了.

 

●Based on customerrequirements,we makethe modularization configuration,establish the semantic networkdescription of configuration knowledge and gain the product structure tree thatsatisfies the customer requirements.

 

此句based on的主语与句子的主语we不一致,形成悬垂分词修饰,可将basedon改为Basingour decision on.

 

●Based on the fuzzinessof design process,theopen-loop rigidity reasoning systems that are primarily logic reasoning areexpanded to the recursive close-loop flexible reasoning systems to revise thereasoning results based on practical instance.

 

此句第一个Based on使用不当,改为Onthe basis of即可.

 

2. 悬垂不定式

2. 悬垂不定式

2. 悬垂不定式

 

●To demonstrate the proposed method,the designof the two-bar structure acted by concentrated load is presented.

 

●To overcome the deficiencies in the methods of gaining anddescribing the requirement information,a requirementinformation cell(RIC) method for describing general requirementinformation is investigated.

 

两句中不定式短语"Todemonstrate…'和"To overcome…'分别修饰句子的主语design和method,但demonstrate,overcome的逻辑主语应该是人,而不是design,method,都形成悬垂不定式修饰.第一句可改为:Todemonstrate the proposed method,we presentedthe design of the two-bar structure acted by concentrated load. 第二句可改为:Toovercomethe deficiencies in the methods of gaining and describing the requirementinformation,weinvestigateda requirement information cell(RIC) method for describing generalrequirement information.

 

3. 悬垂动名词

2. 悬垂不定式

2. 悬垂不定式

 

●After determining the mapping of A i from L 1 to L p ,the next array dimensioncan be processed in the same way.

 

此句介词After引导的是带有动名词determining的修饰性短语,此短语的主语应是句子的主语dimension,但dimension无法执行determining这个行为,形成悬垂动名词修饰.可改为:Afterdetermining the mapping of A i from L 1 to L p ,we canprocess the next array dimension in the same way.

 

4. 悬垂省略主语的从句

2. 悬垂不定式

2. 悬垂不定式

 

●When developing a new product,right knowledge maybe got from repository or expert by designers.

 

此句逗号前面的部分为省略主语designers的从句,被省略的这个主语与逗号后面的主句的主语rightknowledge不一致,形成悬垂省略主语的从句修饰.可改为:When developinga new product,designers can getright knowledge from repository or expert. 或改为:Whendesignersdevelop a new product,they can getright knowledge from repository or expert. 或改为:When designersdevelop a new product,rightknowledgecan be gotten from repository or expert.

 

●When simple,we cansolve this type of problem quickly using the direct method.

 

此句的When simple是省略主语thistype of problem的从句,被省略的这个主语与主句的主语we不一致,形成悬垂省略主语的从句修饰.可改为:When simple,this type of problem canbe solved quickly by using the direct method.

 

5. 独立结构成分

独立结构成分

2. 悬垂不定式

2. 悬垂不定式

 

●When necessary,the solutionswere deaerated by bubbling nitrogen.

●Judging from the spectral changes,exhaustivephotolysis of compound 4 had occurred.

 

●Assuming that distance d is induced by the norm, M is asymmetrical and positively defined matrix.

在sci文章中,独立结构成分中经常出现的引导性词有assuming,taking,concerning,considering,failing,given,judging,provided,providing,regarding等.

 

 

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