SCI论文写作之逻辑关系编排的五大策略-EditSprings艾德思

   英语写作中,作者的职责是确保我们能认识到所陈述的论据的逻辑关系。不是所有的语言都是这样!尽管如此,即使是英语为母语的作者,也不清楚为了达到此目的的策略是什么。下面是我们提出的一些重要的策略，并辅以一些例子。

策略1:总是以理念开头

   使用信息标题、副标题和前言引起我们的阅读欲望。

A key to effective scientific and technical communication in English is to set up expectations in your reader' s mind, and then meet these expectations as soon as possible.

   论文的标题是整体上告诉我们论文的主要信息,如果你的目标杂志允许使用副标题,注意副标题的措辞,告诉我们接下来他们期望看到的是什么。每一个段落,用第一个句子作为主题句,告诉我们该段落的要点或目的;主题句也可用于建立上下段的联系。

策略2:从总体的信息到更具体的信

   我们首先期望读到的是主题或要点的总体信息,接下来才是细节、例子或具体的信息。阅读并思考下面的段落,判断是否满足从总体到具体的要求。是否有看上去太总体化的句子出现在段落的后半段?(每个句子都标了号码,以便后面参照)

          ¹ Pleuropneumonia (APP) can present as a dramatic clinical disease or as a chronic,production limiting disease in pig herds. ² A sudden increase in the number ofSick and coughing pigs and a sharp rise in mortalities among grower/ finisher pigs may herald an outbreak of APP in a herd. ³ On the other hand, signs may be limited to a drop in growth rate and an increase in grade two pleurisy lesions in slaughter ek pigs⁴. The disease surfaced in the Australian pig population during the first half of

a the 1980s and ten years later was regarded as one of the most costly and devastating diseases affecting the Australian pig industry.

   你是否同意与其他句子相比,第四句表达的是更总体化的信息?如果是那样的话,要做如下修改,把第四句移到段首。措辞上也作了微小改变以改善句子的含义

   Pleuropneumonia (APP) surfaced in the Australian pig population during the first half of the 1980s and ten years later was regarded as one of the most costly and devastating diseases affecting the Australian pig industry. It can present as a dramatic clinical disease or as a chronic, production limiting disease in pig herds. A sudden increase in the number of sick and coughing pigs and a sharp rise in mortalities among grower/ finisher pigs may herald an outbreak of APP in a herd. On the other hand, signs may be limited to a drop in growth rate and an increase in grade two pleurisy lesions in slaughter pigs.

策略3:把已知信息放在新信息之前

   为了了解策略三的基本准则,首先仔细思考下面两个小段落。每一个小段落都包含了完全一样的信息,但是顺序不同,判断哪一个更容易理解。

   Version A ¹Clay particles have surface areas which are many orders of greater than silt or sand sized particles. 2 The ability of soils to hrink when dried is controlled by the interactions of these clay surfaces with water and exchangeable cations.

   Version B ¹Clay particles have surface areas which are many orders of magnitude greater than silt or sand sized particles. ²The interactions of these clay surfaces wit h water and exchangeable cations control the ability of soils to rink when dried.

   有时候我们通常都认为第二个版本更容易理解,这是因为当我们读每个版本中第二句时,他们已经了解了第一句中包含的所有信息,因此第一句中的所有信息都可以被看做已知信息。在第一个版本中,直到第二句的后半句我们才再一次看到表示已知信息的词( clay surfaces),第二句的开头都是新信息,所以这个句子没有遵守已知信息在前新信息在后的原则,这样的结构会使这一段难于理解。在第二个版本中,信息的顺序遵循已知信息在前新信息在后的原则。

策略4:用句子的前7~9个单词建立句子之间的联系

   描述策略3中两个版本之间差异的另一种方式,与作者在下一句中(每个版本中的第二句)读到与已知信息相关联的词的多少有关。在第一个版本中,作者直到第16个词后才发现与上一句相关联的词,那就是单词“clay”。然而,在第二个版本中,第5个单词就是上一句的关联词。把关联词放在句子的前7~9个单词之前将会强化论文的可读性,即我们更容易理解列出的信息。

   An outbreak of APP in a herd may be heralded by a sudden increase in the number of sick and coughing pigs and a sharp rise in mortalities among grower/finisher pigs

   在这个版本中,第四个单词(APP)表示是已知信息,并且已知信息在新信息之前。用于改变句子中信息顺序的方法是把主动语态动词( may herald)变为被动语态动词( may be heralded)。这种方法对改变段落的流畅性通常是很有用的。我们认为,以这种方式提升文本的流畅性,是比不惜一切代价避免被动语态更重要的要考虑的因素,因此在写作指南中有时这是被推荐的写作方式。

策赂5:尽可能在句子的前7~9个单词中包含动词和它的主语

   下面有两个例句,想想看它们是否容易理解，

¹ The definition of seed quality is very broad and encompasses different components for different people.

² The quality and quantity of flour protein dough mixing requirements and tolerance, dough handling properties and loaf volume potential are quality parameters of wheat seed for bread bakers.

   第二句显然较难理解,因为我们在读到动词“are”之前,不得不读长度平达19个单词的主语。长主语在前短动词在后的句子常称为头重脚轻的句子。下面是对上面的例句重新编辑的两个版本,在这两个版本中,第二个句子中的动词和主语放在了前7~9个单词中,其他条目列在句子末尾(在句子中起的是新信息的作用)。

   Edited version A¹ The definition of seed quality Is very broad and encompasses different components for different people. ²Quality parameters of wheat seed for bread bakers are the quality and quantity of flour protein, dough mixing requirements and tolerance, dough handling properties and loaf volume potential.

   Edited version B ¹ The definition of seed quality is very broad and encompasses different components for different people. ² For bread bakers, quality parameters of wheat seed are the quality and quantity of flour protein, dough mixing requirements and tolerance, dough handling properties and loaf volume potential.

   作为通用规则,如果要写一个细目清单,它应该出现在句子的末尾。

更多科研论文服务，动动手指，请戳 论文润色、投稿期刊推荐、论文翻译润色、论文指导及修改、论文预审！

语言不过关被拒？美国EditSprings--专业英语论文润色翻译修改服务专家帮您！