期刊跟踪4月第1期2019年第8期,EditSprings,艾德思

     本期{期刊跟踪}选取了与 水文/城市化/生态/土地利用变化 有关的13篇论文,分别来自Nature GeoSCIence/Nature Climate Change/Remote Sensing of Environment/Earth System Science Data/Science of The Total Environment/Remote Sensing/生态学报/科学通报等8个期刊.

水    文

1. Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change

作者: Byron D. Tapley, Michael M. Watkins, Frank Flechtner, Christoph Reigber, Srinivas Bettadpur, Matthew Rodell, Ingo Sasgen, James S. Famiglietti, Felix W. Landerer, Don P. Chambers, John T. Reager, Alex S. Gardner, Himanshu Save, Erik R. Ivins, Sean C. Swenson, Carmen Boening, Christoph Dahle, David N. Wiese, Henryk Dobslaw, Mark E. Tamisiea & Isabella Velicogna

期刊: Nature Climate Change在写论文中，论文润色可以节省很多发文时间，在此推荐editsprings提供的sci论文翻译润色服务。

摘要: Time-resolved satellite gravimetry has revolutionized understanding of mass transport in the Earth system. Since 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has enabled monitoring of the terrestrial water cycle, ice sheet and glacier mass balance, sea level change and ocean bottom pressure variations, as well as understanding responses to changes in the global climate system. Initially a pioneering experiment of geodesy, the time-variable observations have matured into reliable mass transport products, allowing assessment and forecast of a number of important climate trends, and improvements in service applications such as the United States Drought Monitor. With the successful launch of the GRACE Follow-On mission, a multi-decadal record of mass variability in the Earth system is within reach.

引用格式: Tapley B D, Watkins M M, Flechtner F, et al. Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2019: 1.

2. Worldwide alteration of lake mixing regimes in response to climate change

作者: R. Iestyn Woolway & Christopher J. Merchant

期刊: Nature GeoSCIence

摘要: Lakes hold much of Earth's accessible liquid freshwater, support biodiversity and provide key ecosystem services to people around the world. However, they are vulnerable to climate change, for example through shorter durations of ice cover, or through rising lake surface temperatures. Here we use a one-dimensional numerical lake model to assess climate change impacts on mixing regimes in 635 lakes worldwide. We run the lake model with input data from four state-of-the-art model projections of twenty-first-century climate under two emissions scenarios. Under the scenario with higher emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0), many lakes are projected to have reduced ice cover; about one-quarter of seasonally ice-covered lakes are projected to be permanently ice-free by 2080–2100. Surface waters are projected to warm, with a median warming across lakes of about 2.5 °C, and the most extreme warming about 5.5 °C. Our simulations suggest that around 100 of the studied lakes are projected to undergo changes in their mixing regimes. About one-quarter of these 100 lakes are currently classified as monomictic—undergoing one mixing event in most years— and will become permanently stratified systems. About one-sixth of these are currently dimictic—mixing twice per year—and will become monomictic. We conclude that many lakes will mix less frequently in response to climate change.

引用格式: Woolway R L and Merchant C J. Worldwide alteration of lake mixing regimes in response to climate change. Nature GeoSCIence, 2019, 12: 271-276.

3. Multi-sensor assimilation of SMOS brightness temperature and GRACE terrestrial water storage observations for soil moisture and shallow groundwater estimation

作者: Manuela Girotto, Rolf H. Reichle, Matthew Rodell,el at.

期刊: Remote Sensing of Environment

摘要: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission provided monthly global estimates of the vertically integrated terrestrial water storage with about 300–400-km horizontal resolution between 2002 and 2017. Since 2009, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission observes global L-band brightness temperatures, which are sensitive to near-surface soil moisture, with a revisit time of 1–3 days at a nominal 43-km spatial resolution. This work investigates if the multi-sensor assimilation of these observations into the Catchment land surface model can improve the estimation of 0–5 cm "surface' soil moisture, 0–100 cm "rootzone' soil moisture, and shallow (unconfined) groundwater levels. Single-sensor GRACE or SMOS assimilation and multi-sensor GRACE+SMOS assimilation experiments were performed over the continental U.S. for 6 years (July 2010–June 2016). GRACE data assimilation mostly improves estimates of shallow groundwater, whereas SMOS data assimilation mainly improves estimates of surface soil moisture. The benefits introduced by the single-sensor assimilation are merged in the multi-sensor assimilation experiment, suggesting that better and more consistent soil moisture and groundwater estimates can be achieved when multiple observation types are assimilated. Interestingly, in the multi-sensor GRACE+SMOS experiment, the water storage increments introduced by the GRACE analysis and the SMOS analysis are anti-correlated. That is, when the GRACE assimilation increments remove water from the overall profile storage, the SMOS assimilation increments add water to it, and vice versa. This anti-correlation could be caused by the SMOS analysis trying to undo the increments from the GRACE analysis.

引用格式: Girotto M, Reichlec R H, Rodell M, Liu Q, Mahanama S, & De Lannoy, G J M. (2019). Multi-sensor assimilation of SMOS brightness temperature and GRACE terrestrial water storage observations for soil moisture and shallow groundwater estimation. Remote Sensing of Environment, 227, 12–27.

4. Densified multi-mission observations by developed optical water levels show marked increases in lake water storage and overflow floods on the Tibetan Plateau

作者: Xingdong Li, Di Long, Qi Huang, Pengfei Han, Fanyu Zhao, and Yoshihide Wada

期刊: Earth System Science Data

摘要: The Tibetan Plateau (TP) known as Asia's water towers is quite sensitive to climate change, reflected by changes in hydrological state variables such as lake water storage. Given the extremely limited ground observations on the TP due to the harsh environment and complex terrain, we exploited multisource remote sensing, i.e., multiple altimetric missions and Landsat archives to create dense time series (monthly and even higher such as 10 days on average) of lake water level and storage changes across 52 large lakes (> 100 km2) on the TP during 2000–2017 (the data set is available online with a DOI: ). Field experiments were carried out in two typical lakes to validate the remotely sensed results. With Landsat archives and partial altimetry data, we developed optical water levels that cover most of TP lakes and serve as an ideal reference for merging multisource lake water levels. The optical water levels show an uncertainty of `  m that is comparable with most altimetry data and largely reduce the lack of dense altimetric observations with systematic errors well removed for most of lakes. The densified lake water levels provided critical and accurate information on the long-term and short-term monitoring of lake water level and storage changes on the TP. We found that the total storage of the 52 lakes increased by 97.3 km3 at two stages, i.e., 6.68 km3/yr during 2000–2012 and 2.85 km3/yr during 2012–2017. The total overflow from Lake Kusai to Lake Haidingnuoer and Lake Salt during Nov 9–Dec 31 in 2011 was estimated to be 0.22 km3, providing critical information on lake overflow flood monitoring and prediction as the expansion of some TP lakes becomes a serious threat to surrounding residents and infrastructure. 

引用格式: Li, X., Long, D., Huang, Q., Han, P., Zhao, F., and Wada, Y.: Densified multi-mission observations by developed optical water levels show marked increases in lake water storage and overflow floods on the Tibetan Plateau, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., , in review, 2019.

5. Untangling the water-food-energy-environment nexus for global change adaptation in a complex Himalayan water resource system

作者: Andrea Momblanch, Lamprini Papadimitriou, Sanjay K. Jain, Anil Kulkarni, Chandra S.P.Ojha, Adebayo J.Adeloye, Ian P.Holman

期刊: Science of The Total Environment

摘要: Holistic water management approaches are essential under future climate and socio-economic changes, especially while trying to achieve inter-diSCIplinary societal goals such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of clean water, hunger eradication, clean energy and life on land. Assessing water resources within a water-food-energy-environment nexus approach enables the relationships between water-related sectors to be untangled while incorporating impacts of societal changes. We use a systems modelling approach to explore global change impacts on the nexus in the mid-21st century in a complex western Himalayan water resource system in India, considering a range of climate change and alternative socio-economic development scenarios. Results show that future socio-economic changes will have a much stronger impact on the nexus compared to climate change. Hydropower generation and environmental protection represent the major opportunities and limitations for adaptation in the studied system and should, thereby, be the focus for actions and systemic transformations in pursue of the SDGs. The emergence of scenario-specific synergies and trade-offs between nexus component indicators demonstrates the benefits that water resource systems models can make to designing better responses to the complex nexus challenges associated with future global change.

引用格式: Momblanch A, Papadimitriou L, Jain S K, et al. Untangling the water-food-energy-environment nexus for global change adaptation in a complex Himalayan water resource system. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 655: 35-47.

6. Automatic Detection of Open and Vegetated Water Bodies Using Sentinel 1 to Map African Malaria Vector Mosquito Breeding Habitats

作者: Andy Hardy, Georgina Ettritch, Dónall E. Cross, Pete Bunting, Francis Liywalii, Jacob Sakala, Andrew Silumesii, Douglas Singini, Mark Smith, Tom Willis and Chris. Thoma

期刊: Remote Sensing

摘要: Providing timely and accurate maps of surface water is valuable for mapping malaria risk and targeting disease control interventions. Radar satellite remote sensing has the potential to provide this information but current approaches are not suitable for mapping African malarial mosquito aquatic habitats that tend to be highly dynamic, often with emergent vegetation. We present a novel approach for mapping both open and vegetated water bodies using serial Sentinel-1 imagery for Western Zambia. This region is dominated by the seasonally inundated Upper Zambezi floodplain that suffers from a number of public health challenges. The approach uses open source segmentation and machine learning (extra trees classifier), applied to training data that are automatically derived using freely available ancillary data. Refinement is implemented through a consensus approach and Otsu thresholding to eliminate false positives due to dry flat sandy areas. The results indicate a high degree of accuracy (mean overall accuracy 92% st dev 3.6) providing a tractable solution for operationally mapping water bodies in similar large river flood plain unforested environments. For the period studied, 70% of the total water extent mapped was attributed to vegetated water, highlighting the importance of mapping both open and vegetated water bodies for surface water mapping.

Figure 7. Progressive classification improvement following implementation of the classification certainty and dry season refinement. Example image from 2 Sept 2017 (dry season). (A) Pre-refinement classified image, (B) post-classification certainty refinement, (C) post-Otsu thresholding of open water mask, (D) input VV, VH, VV/VH Sentinel-1 image and (E) reference NIR, R, G Sentinel-2 optical image.

引用格式: Hardy, A., Ettritch, G., Cross, E.D., et al. Automatic Detection of Open and Vegetated Water Bodies Using Sentinel 1 to Map African Malaria Vector Mosquito Breeding Habitats. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11,(5): 593–617.

7. Impact of Climate Variabilities and Human Activities on Surface Water Extents in Reservoirs of Yongding River Basin, China, from 1985 to 2016 Based on Landsat Observations and Time Series Analysis

作者: Mingli Wang, Longjiang Du, Yinghai Ke, Maoyi Huang, Jing Zhang, Yong Zhao, Xiaojuan Li and Huili Gong

期刊: Remote Sensing

摘要: Yongding River is the largest river flowing through Beijing, the capital city of China. In recent years, Yongding River Basin (YDRB) has witnessed increasing human impacts on water resources, posing serious challenges in hydrological and ecological health. In this study, remote sensing techniques and statistical time series approaches for hydrological studies were combined to characterize the dynamics and driving factors of reservoir water extents in YDRB during 1985–2016. First, 107 Landsat 4, 5, 7 and 8 images were used to extract surface water extents in YDRB during 1985–2016 using a combination of water indices and Otsu threshold algorithm. Significant positive correlation was found between water extents and the annual inflow for the two biggest reservoirs, the downstream Guanting and upstream Cetian reservoirs, proving their representativeness of surface water availability in this basin. Then, statistical time series approaches including trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall trend test, Pettit change-point test and double mass curve method, which are frequently used in hydrological studies, were adopted to quantify the trend of reservoir water extents dynamics and the relative contributions of climate variability and human activities. Results showed that the water extents in both reservoirs exhibited significant downward trend with change point occurring in 2001 and 2005 for Guanting and Cetian, respectively. About 74%`75% of the shrinkage during the post-change period can be attributed to human activities, among which GDP, population, electricity power production, raw coal production, steel and crude iron production, value of agriculture output, and urban area were the major human drivers. Hydrological connectivity between the upstream Cetian and downstream Guanting reservoirs declined during the post-change period. Since 2012, water extents in both reservoirs recovered as a result of various governmental water management policies including the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The methodology presented in this study can be used for analyzing the dynamics and driving mechanism of surface water resources, especially for un-gauged or poorly-gauged watersheds.

Figure 2. Workflow of this study

引用格式: Wang, M., Du, L., Ke, Y., Huang, M, et al. Impact of Climate Variabilities and Human Activities on Surface Water Extents in Reservoirs of Yongding River Basin, China, from 1985 to 2016 Based on Landsat Observations and Time Series Analysis. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(5): 560–583.

城 市 化

1. Horizontal vs vertical growth: Understanding latent patterns of urban expansion in large metropolitan regions

作者: Ilaria Zambon, Andrea Colantoni, Luca Salvati

期刊: Science of The Total Environment

摘要: Building activity at the metropolitan scale reflects socioeconomic transformations increasingly dependent on place-specific factors. The present study investigates height profile and age of buildings over 12 time intervals (1910s–2010s) in Greece, a country experiencing particularly complex urban cycles in the last century, with the aim to identify distinctive forces fueling vertical and horizontal urban expansion. To discriminate vertical from horizontal expansion, a new indicator of urban growth ('Vertical-to-Horizontal Growth' ratio, VHG) was proposed and used to identify the dominant socioeconomic profile underlying local-scale urbanization processes. Results of this study contribute to discriminate intense vertical expansion coinciding with population growth in large urban areas (Athens, Salonika, Iraklio) from moderate horizontal expansion around medium-rank cities, along coastal areas and in internal lowlands with small compact towns. Greek municipalities display spatial patterns of building activity that reflect the distinct impact of geographical gradients, divergent responses to market stimuli and planning constraints. As in other European countries, urban cycles in Greece were heterogeneous over space, justifying a joint analysis of intensity and spatial direction of metropolitan growth.

引用格式: Zambon I, Colantoni A, Salvati L. Horizontal vs vertical growth: Understanding latent patterns of urban expansion in large metropolitan regions. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 654: 778-785.

2. The footprint of urban heat island effect in 302 Chinese cities: Temporal trends and associated factors

作者: Qiquan Yang, Xin Huang, Qiuhong Tang

期刊: Science of The Total Environment

摘要: The urban heat island (UHI) effect has been a concern for decades due its adverse influence on energy consumption, air and water quality, and, most importantly, the health of urban dwellers. Researchers have paid much attention to the magnitude of the UHI effect, but ignored its spatial extent (i.e. footprint) which is another important aspect of the UHI effect. In this study, we systematically analyzed the footprint of surface UHI (SUHI) effect in 302 Chinese cities, especially temporal trends of the footprint, by using multi-source remote sensing data. The footprint of SUHI effect (FP) was estimated by the Gaussian surface, and its temporal trend was examined by the Mann-Kendal and the Sen's slope estimator non-parametric tests. We found the FP showed evident diurnal (daytime > nighttime), seasonal (summer > winter) and inter-city (big cities > small and medium-sized cities) differences. During the period 2003–2016, over 80% of the 302 cities exhibited increasing trends of the FP in annual days and summer days, and the increasing trends were statistically significant (p 

引用格式: Yang Q, Huang X, Tang Q. The footprint of urban heat island effect in 302 Chinese cities: Temporal trends and associated factors. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 655: 652-662.

3. Quantifying and simulating landscape composition and pattern impacts on land surface temperature: A decadal study of the rapidly urbanizing city of Beijing, China

作者: Lijia Guo, Ruimin Liu, Cong Men, Qingrui Wang, Yuexi Miao, Yan Zhang

期刊: Science of The Total Environment

摘要: The increase in impervious surfaces due to the urbanization has caused many adverse effects on urban ecological systems, including the urban heat environmental risk. Revealing the relationship between landscape composition and pattern and land surface temperature (LST) gives insight into how to effectively mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. It is also essential to simulate and optimize the distribution of impervious surfaces in urban planning. In this study, the multi-scale relationship between impervious surface and LST in Beijing was analyzed. Different distributions of land cover types and the corresponding LSTs were simulated under two development scenarios. Various geospatial approaches, including geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, and the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent (CLUE-S), were used to facilitate the analysis. The results showed that (1) impervious surfaces increased from 36.76% to 44.95% of the total area between 2005 and 2015 and the mean LST of impervious surfaces was approximately 2 °C higher than that of the areas with vegetation cover; (2) impervious surfaces had a positive logarithmic correlation with LST, while the vegetation coverage had a negative linear correlation with LST; (3) as the grid size increased, the correlation coefficients between the impervious surface density and mean LST increased at different magnitudes, and the correlation coefficients stabilized after the scale of 900 × 900 m; (4) large and contiguous patches of impervious surfaces aggravated the UHI effect when the total percentage of impervious surface remained the same; and (5) to achieve an improved and healthier urban living environment, populations controls should be considered to decrease future impervious surface demands by 7.69%—which corresponds to an average LST decrease of 1.1 °C. Landscape distribution and configuration should also be better integrated into landscape and urban planning.

引用格式: Guo L, Liu R, Men C, et al. Quantifying and simulating landscape composition and pattern impacts on land surface temperature: A decadal study of the rapidly urbanizing city of Beijing, China. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 654 430-440.

生   态

1. 基于SPCA和遥感指数的干旱内陆河流域生态脆弱性时空演变及动因分析——以石羊河流域为例

作者: 郭泽呈,魏伟,庞素菲,李振亚,周俊菊,颉斌斌

期刊: 生态学报

摘要: 以石羊河流域为研究区,基于干旱内陆河流域生态特征和遥感数据快速/客观/大面积观测的特点,采用遥感模型计算湿度/绿度/干度和热度等指标,并构建石羊河流域生态脆弱性评价指标体系,在此基础上运用空间主成分分析法(SPCA)对石羊河流域2000和2016年生态脆弱性时空演变及动因进行了分析.研究结果表明:(1)从各遥感指数空间分布来看,湿度和绿度指标均值在17年间呈增长趋势,证明该流域水源涵养能力变好,植被覆盖率变大;干度指标均值有所下降,表明该流域地表裸露程度有所降低;而与植被和水资源关系密切的地表温度均值呈逐年上升趋势,说明该流域水热平衡差异进一步增加,对未来生态脆弱性影响显著;(2)从全流域生态脆弱性时空演变特征来看,该流域主要以强度和中度脆弱为主,17年间生态脆弱性整体上呈缓慢降低趋势;(3)从不同的海拔生态脆弱性分布来看,中山区(1000-2000m)最高,高中山区(2000-3000m)次之,高山区( > 3000m)最低,17年间中山区生态脆弱性有所下降,而高中山区与高山区却呈上升的趋势;(4)从不同的行政区划生态脆弱性来看,金川区/凉州区/永昌县/民勤县和古浪县整体上处于中度和强度脆弱水平,而天祝县和肃南县处于轻度和微度脆弱水平;(5)从生态脆弱性的演变动因来看,4个指标对石羊河流域生态脆弱性影响均为显著.2000年生态脆弱性的主导影响因子依次为热度 > 湿度 > 绿度 > 干度,而2016年为热度 > 干度 > 绿度 > 湿度.总的来看,石羊河流域生态脆弱程度近年来有所降低,但综合治理工作仍任重道远.本文的遥感方式和分析思路对该流域生态脆弱性保护及治理提供一定的理论基础和决策依据.

引用格式: 郭泽呈,魏伟,庞素菲,李振亚,周俊菊,颉斌斌.基于SPCA和遥感指数的干旱内陆河流域生态脆弱性时空演变及动因分析——以石羊河流域为例.生态学报,2019,39(7):2558`2572

2.退耕还林还草工程加剧黄土高原退耕区蒸散发

作者: 王雅舒,李小雁, 石芳忠, 张树磊, 吴秀臣

期刊: 科学通报 摘要: 黄土高原退耕还林(草)工程显著影响着区域植被生长及水文循环过程, 对陆地蒸散发(ET)年际变化有着很大影响. 本文基于全球通量估算和模型模拟蒸散发产品/格点气候数据及遥感植被特征参量数据, 利用趋势分析/逐步回归分析及广义线性模型等方式, 研究了退耕还林(草)工程实施前后黄土高原退耕区ET的时空变化特征.研究结果表明: (1) 与退耕前相比较, 退耕区在退耕还林(草)后ET的升高趋势明显, 但其变率存在较大的空间差异, 其中, 以年降水量在400`600 mm区域内变化趋势最大; (2) 相较于生长季平均温度和生长季总降水量, 退耕区土壤含水量及植被NDVI是ET变化的主要影响因子; (3) 退耕后ET变化趋势增大更多地归因于退耕区植被生长的加速, 并且退耕后土壤含水量对ET贡献较退耕前降低, 而NDVI的贡献度增加. 本研究针对黄土高原退耕区在退耕还林(草)工程前后ET的变化趋势进行的探究, 为工程实施对该区域水文过程的影响评估提供了科学依据灾害

引用格式: 王雅舒, 李小雁, 石芳忠, 等. 退耕还林还草工程加剧黄土高原退耕区蒸散发. 科学通报, 2019, 64: 588–599

土地利用变化

1. 近25年长江中游地区土地利用时空变化格局与驱动因素

作者: 胡昕利,易扬,康宏樟,王彬,史明昌,刘春江

期刊: 生态学报

摘要: 长江中游地区(湖北省/湖南省和江西省)位于长江经济带中心,是我国"中三角城市群"所在地,也是国家"两屏三带"生态安全战略的重点区域,其土地利用变化受地理环境制约和社会经济发展的影响,也与未来区域可持续发展密切相关.根据1990/2000/2010和2015年Landsat TM遥感影像数据,采用景观格局分析/梯度分析及相关性分析方式,揭示近25年土地利用时空变化格局及其与社会经济因素的关系.研究表明:(1)研究区耕地与林地为主体景观,分别占30%/50%,建设用地占比

引用格式: 胡昕利,易扬,康宏樟,王彬,史明昌,刘春江.近25年长江中游地区土地利用时空变化格局与驱动因素.生态学报,2019,39(6):1877`1886

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供稿 / 贾凯/彭凯锋/吕金霞/荔琢/王晓雅/蒋梓杰

制作 / 荔琢 指导 / 蒋卫国

跟踪和发布生态环境/生态系统/生态水文/湿地生态/水资源/洪水灾害/湿地资源/城市生态/城市湿地/海绵城市等方向的国内外学术研究进展/遥感和空间信息技术应用前沿资讯.

生态水文遥感前沿

 

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